第二章 分離的幻相
為了減輕這些解釋引起的恐懼，先來些序言。
首先是昨晚，當你觀賞仲夏夜之夢的片段時，我提醒你注意的對句：
" 恁自性之所是，恁真見之所思。" 【譯者註：展現自性，靜觀實相。】
注意，這是奧白朗（Oberon）在赦免泰塔娜（Titania）在作為和覺知上的錯誤時，
所說的話。這些話，重建她真正的身分、才能、與判斷力。和我們要說的，顯然很類似。
我要求你從字典抄下來的一些定義，會很有用。
這些定義之所以不平常，是因為按照出現年代的順序，它們並不是第一定義。
然而，每一個定義都出現在字典上，是不爭的事實。
Project （動詞）：向前或向外延伸。
Project （名詞）：思維中的計劃。
World ：自然的大區域。（你最初寫成“字”（word）而不是“世界”（world）。）
之後我們要提到的投射，與精神的疾病和健康都有關係。
那可以解釋Lucifer 【譯者註：傳說中墮落的天使】真正的將自己從天堂投射出來。
我們也談論到，人能創造空殼，但無法什麼都不創造。
這空虛，為錯誤的投射提供屏幕。
伊甸園，在聖經裡被描述為花園，實際上根本不是一個花園，
而只是一種毫無需求的精神狀態。
即使按照字面來解釋，也應該注意到，在分離之前，人根本不需要什麼。
至於知識之樹，一個過於具體的概念（因此才接著提到“吃樹上的果子”），
實際上是像徵知識的誤用。
無論如何，這概念得好好澄清、明白，才能完全了解“誤入恐懼”的真正意義。
依照前面的定義，投射（動詞）是上主的主要特性，祂也將這特性給了祂的聖子。
在創作中，上主將祂的創作能力，投射給祂所創造的靈魂，
並且賦予他們，對創作的同樣愛好（或意願）。
我們談論過，對“已”被創造，和“正”被創造的混淆，所造成的基本錯誤。
我們也強調過，人的靈魂，不僅被完全地創造了，而且是被創造得至善至美。
人的靈魂，沒有空虛。
下一點，也已經提過，但值得重複。
由於與創作主的相像，靈魂具有創造性。
任何上主的孩子，都不可能失去創作的能力，因為這是他的天賦。
當投射被錯誤的利用，這總是暗示著空虛（或匱乏）的必然存在，
人以為有能力可以拿自己的構想來替代真理。
如果你仔細考慮這前因後果，很明顯就是：
首先，這是假設、暗示上主所創造的，可以被人的想法所改變。
其次，「以為完美的可能變成不完美（或欠缺）」的概念，就闖了進來。
第三，產生了「人能扭曲上主的創作（包括他自己）」的信念，並接受了這信念。
第四，既然人能創造自己，他的創作方向是由自己來決定。
這些相關的扭曲，代表分離時的景象。
這些景像以前不存在，實際上現在也不存在。
依照之前的定義，
世界，是被創作為自然的大區域，或上主向外的投射。
這是祂的創作之所以像祂的原因。
贊成（pro）的相反是反對（con）。
那麼，嚴格上講，投射（projecting）的相反應該是conjecting，
是指不確定或猜測的工作狀態。
其它由於相關的設防，而產生的錯誤，下面再談。
例如，沮喪（dejection）是明顯的意氣消沉；
引入（injection），可能很容易被誤解為擁有的謬論（或被入侵）；
而摒棄（rejection）清楚的和否定相關，但也可以解釋為拒絕；
拒絕認為是沒有價值的東西。
上主的投射，有如內在的光輝，也是聖子們繼承自上主的。
重要的是，“向外投射”必然地暗示，投射的真正源頭是內在。
聖父如此，聖子亦然。
世界，原始的涵意，包括上主獨特創作的人，和人在正確思維中的創作。
後者需要上主賦人以自由意志，因為所有愛的創作都是自由的給予。
這裡並不涉及任何階層，實際上，只是一條連續性的創作，所有方面都是同一層次。
“ 蛇的謊言”，因為不是真實的，所以被稱為謊言。
人如果聽了，他只能得到虛假。
他不必相信虛假，除非他選擇繼續如此。
所有他錯誤的創作，可以在眾所周知的“瞬眼之間”消失，因為那是視覺錯誤的感知。
靈性的眼睛可能沉睡，但下面將提到（關於電梯操作員鮑伯），沉睡的眼睛仍然能看。
瑪麗艾迪（Mary Baker Eddy）強調墮落的另一種解釋，值得一看；
這關係到「亞當落入深沉的睡眠」的描述。
聖經一直將這睡眠，當成是在創作夏娃時，用來保護亞當的一種麻醉。
艾迪夫人正確的強調，聖經沒有任何一處提到亞當醒過來。
基督教科學派雖然明顯的不齊全，但這一點卻是正確的。
人所見的世界歷史裡，並沒有真正和全面的覺醒或重生。
只要人繼續錯誤的投射，這些就不可能發生。
人仍然保有上主投射給他的神性，可以據以投射出去。
實際上，這是他唯一的選擇，因為他的自由意志，
是為了使他可以在完善的創作中，獲得喜悅。
追根究底，所有恐懼起因於，對人有能力篡奪上帝力量的根本錯覺。
再次強調，人不可能也沒有能力如此；
這聲明是他脫離恐懼的真正理由。
透過他對救贖的接納，他了解到自己的錯誤從未真正發生過。
正因為亞當落入了深沉的睡眠，他才有機會體驗惡夢。
當有人正在作夢的時候，並且是可怕的夢，
如果突然把燈打開，他最初很可能把亮光當作是自己夢中的一部分。
但是當他清醒過來，正確的察覺到是光將他從夢中解放出來，也就會知道夢是不真實的。
我以聖經的訓諭作結語：“你也該這麼做。”
很明顯，上述的理解，與那結謊言之果的“知識之樹”無關。
闡明而不隱匿的智慧，不僅能使你獲得自由，也能明白指出你是自由的。
上面一段，是為了區別知識的真與假。
現在分辨清楚了，我們可以回頭來談前面所列出的各種錯誤。
這裡再重述一次。
第一是關於“唯有物質是真實”的謬論。
第二是對物而不對人。
第三是賦物質以非物質的特性。
而第四則澄清了知識的誤用。
這些都歸屬於擁有的謬論。
第三的否定機制，某些細節已經提到過，下面將繼續說明：
相對應的否定機制：
1）是物質的無力感，或無能。
2）經常是破產。
收藏家經常會有超出自己經濟能力的衝動，其中隱含一種強迫終止的意圖。
如果無法承受這中斷的想法，可能演變成奇怪的折衷結果，
就是貪得無厭的佔有，和永不滿足的浪費（破產）。
例如積習難改的賭徒，尤其是上癮的賭馬者。
矛盾的衝動使這些賭徒偏離了人和事，而投注於動物的身上。
其中所含對人的貶損，造成了狂熱賭馬者潛在的極端迷信。
酗酒也是一樣的情形，只是他的鬥爭比較傾向於內在，而非外在。
護短的設防最難以化解，因為這會產生第二層的錯誤覺知，因而隱蔽了根本的錯誤。
3 ）的虛假矯正方式比較多變，因為這個錯誤包羅萬象。
雖然已經提過，但列舉一些可能：
a. 擁有和被擁有矛盾衝突的一個層面，可能會發展到不可忽視的程度。
如果傾向於“擁有”，就會導致偏執狂的解決方式。
“被擁有”的潛在要素，保留於“受迫害”的幻想中，
兩者通常是共存的。
b. 如果“被擁有”成為非常嚴重，則有被外力控制的狀況，
但重點不在攻擊他人，反而是明顯的被他人攻擊。
而更致命的類型，是有被邪魔附身的感覺，
除非同時有a）的傾向，其結果將會是緊張性精神分裂，而不是偏執狂。
專注的偏執狂患者，在行為與目標上變得更苛刻死板，
企圖以單一方向的投射，而脫離猶豫不決的心態。
（旁白：應該注意，這類型的偏執狂，是一種顛倒的宗教形態，
因為它明顯企圖達成一致。）
雖然沒有絕對的保證，但1、2、和4更可能導致神經過敏症，而不是精神錯亂症。
然而，由於3帶有較嚴重的基本層次混淆，自然更容易受到傷害，也更容易精神錯亂。
由3所引起的更大恐懼，可能發展到精神病的程度，
因此迫使這個人以精神錯亂來面對問題。
這裡要強調的是，這些差異對奇蹟毫無影響，
奇蹟可以同樣輕而易舉的矯正任何一種錯誤，因為奇蹟不需要去辨別錯誤的內涵。
奇蹟唯一的分辨是，將真相放在一邊，而將各種各樣的錯誤放在另一邊。
這就是為什麼有些奇蹟似乎比其他的奇蹟更加重大。
但記住本課程的第一點，也就是，奇蹟沒有難易、大小之分。
這裡強調的精神病，重點是反映奇蹟的“解除”功能。
當然，奇蹟的“建設”是更加重要。
但真正的奇蹟，無法在虛假的基礎上發生，有時必須先進行“解除”的工作。
有時候，兩者可能同時發生，但目前你並不需要為此擔心。
再者，對精神病的深刻了解，可能被誤用，而導致全神貫注於自己的症狀。
所以對大多數人來說，比起致力於精神健康的課程，這一領域是較沒有建設性。
但是，精神病的原理對某些行業是有建設性的，特別是那些照顧精神病患的人，
這明顯的包括心理學家。
顯而易見的，要更正所有類型的“擁有”謬論，就是正確的重新定義“擁有”。
“接管”的概念，根本不存在於神聖的實相中，神聖的實相是真實的唯一層次。
除非自願，沒有人可能“被接管”。
然而，如果他將自己的頭腦安置在暴政而非真正的權威之下，
他便是把屈從或支配的概念，強加在自己的自由意誌之上。
如此將自由意志與「禁錮」聯在一起，產生明顯的矛盾公式。
即使是非常輕微的形式，這種結合還是危險的，
特別是有外在壓力時，可能出乎意料的蔓延。
因為這種矛盾只有當外在的情況是平靜的時候，才有可能以內在控制。
這是不安全的，因為外在情況是由眾人的思想所導致，而並非所有的人都已純淨。
為什麼你要任人擺佈？
這問題與“擁有”息息相關。
如果你相信別人任何的想法或外在環境可以影響你，
你便是認為他們能擁有你。
你完全不會被任何缺乏愛的行為所影響。
這些行為可能來自你和他人，或你對別人，或別人對你。
（我很高興，你通過了關鍵性的測驗。這是指海倫，本來不太願意寫下所聽到的。）
安寧是你的本質，你無法向外尋求。
所有精神病都是某種向外的搜尋。
精神健康是內在的安寧。
安寧，使你對外在的缺乏愛保持屹立不動，
並使你有能力經由自己的奇蹟，
去改正那些由其他人缺乏愛的作為，
而造成的外在條件。
Chapter 2 – The Illusion of Separation
T 2 A. Introduction (*N not present in the Notes)
(Insert for page 61)
T 2 A 1. This section is inserted here because it deals with a more fundamental misuse of knowledge, referred to in the Bible as the cause of the Fall (or Separation). There are several introductory remarks which are intended to make these explanations less fear-provoking. The first is a couplet which I drew to your attention during the fragments of Midsummer Night's Dream, which you heard last night:
“Be as thou wast wont to be
See as thou wast wont to see.”
It is noteworthy that these words were said by Oberon in releasing Titania from her own errors, both of being and perceiving. These were the words which re-established her true identity as well as her true abilities and judgment. The similarity here is obvious.
T 2 A 2. There are also some definitions, which I asked you to take from the dictionary, which will also be helpful. Their somewhat unusual nature is due to the fact that they are not first definitions in their chronological appearance. Nevertheless, the fact that each of them does appear in the dictionary should be reassuring.
Project (verb): to extend forward or out.
Project (noun): a plan in the mind
World: a natural grand division. (Note that you originally wrote “word” instead of “world.”)
T 2 A 3. We will refer later to projection as related to both mental illness and mental health. It will also be commented on that Lucifer literally projected himself from heaven. We also have observed that man can create an empty shell, but cannot create nothing at all. T(63) 63 This emptiness provides the screen for the misuse of projection.
T 2 A 4. The Garden of Eden, which is described as a literal garden in the Bible, was not originally an actual garden at all. It was merely a mental state of complete need-lack. Even in the literal account, it is noteworthy that the pre- Separation state was essentially one in which man needed nothing. The Tree of Knowledge, again an overly-literal concept, (as is clearly shown by the subsequent reference to “eating of the fruit of the tree”) is a symbolic reference to some of the misuses of knowledge referred to in the section immediately preceding this one. There is, however, considerable clarification of this concept, which must be understood before the real meaning of the “detour into fear” can be fully comprehended. Projection, as defined above , (this refers to the verb) is a fundamental attribute of God, which he also gave to his Son. In the Creation,God projected his Creative Ability out of Himself toward the Souls which He created, and also imbued them with the same loving wish (or will) to create. We have commented before on the FUNDAMENTAL error involved in confusing what has been created with what is being created. We have also emphasized that man, insofar as the term relates to Soul, has not only been fully Created, but also been created perfect. There is no emptiness in him. The next point, too, has already been made, but bears repetition here. The Soul, because of its own likeness to its Creator, is creative.We have also emphasized that man, insofar as the term relates to Soul, has not only been fully Created, but also been created perfect. There is no emptiness in him. The next point, too, has already been made, but bears repetition here . The Soul, because of its own likeness to its Creator, is creative.We have also emphasized that man, insofar as the term relates to Soul, has not only been fully Created, but also been created perfect. There is no emptiness in him. The next point, too, has already been made, but bears repetition here . The Soul, because of its own likeness to its Creator, is creative.[93] No Child of God is capable of losing this ability, because it is inherent in what he IS.
T 2 A 5. Whenever projection in its inappropriate sense is utilized, it ALWAYS implies that some emptiness (or lack of everything) must exist, and that it is within man's ability to put his own ideas there INSTEAD of the truth. If you will consider carefully what this entails, the following will become quite apparent: T(64) -64
First , the assumption is implicit that what God has Created can be changed by the mind of Man.
Second , the concept that what is perfect can be rendered imperfect (or wanting) is intruded.
Third , the belief that man can distort the Creations of God (including himself) has arisen, and is tolerated.
Fourth , that since man can create himself, the direction of his own creation is up to him.
T 2 A 6. These related distortions represent a picture of what actually occurred in the Separation. None of this existed before, nor does it actually exist now. The world, as defined above, WAS made as a natural grand division, or projecting outward of God. That is why everything which He Created is like Him.
T 2 A 7. It should be noted that the opposite of pro is con. Strictly speaking, then, the opposite of projecting is conjecting, a term which referred to a state of uncertainty or guess work. Other errors arise in connection with ancillary defenses , to be considered later. For example, dejection, which is obviously associated with depression, injection, which can be misinterpreted readily enough, in terms of possession fallacies (particularly penetration), and rejection, which is clearly associated with denial. It should be noted also that rejection can be used as refusing, a term which necessarily involves a perception of what is refused as something unworthy.
T 2 A 8. Projection as undertaken by God was very similar to the kind of inner radiance which the Children of the Father inherit from Him. It is important to note that the term “project outward” necessarily implies that the real source of projection is internal. T(65) -65 This is as true of the Son as of the Father.
T 2 A 9. The world, in its original connotation, included both the proper creation of man by God, AND the proper creation by man in his Right Mind. The latter required the endowment of man by God with free will, because all loving creation is freely given. Nothing in either of these statements implies any sort of level involvement, or, in fact, anything except one continuous line of creation, in which all aspects are of the same order.
T 2 A 10. When the “lies of the serpent” were introduced, they were specifically called lies because they are not true. When man listened, all he heard was untruth. He does not have to continue to believe what is not true, unless he chooses to do so. All of his miscreations can disappear in the well known “twinkling of an eye”, [94] because it is a visual misperception.
T 2 A 11. Man's spiritual eye can sleep, but as will shortly appear in the notes (reference Bob, elevator operator) a sleeping eye can still see. One translation of the Fall, a view emphasized by Mary Baker Eddy, and worthy of note, is that “a deep sleep fell upon Adam.”[95] While the Bible continues to associate this sleep as a kind of anesthetic utilized for protection of Adam during the creation of Eve, Mrs. Eddy was correct in emphasizing that nowhere is there any reference made to his waking up. While Christian Science is clearly incomplete, this point is much in its favor.
T 2 A 12. The history of man in the world as he saw it has not been characterized by any genuine or comprehensive re-awakening, or re-birth. T(66) -66 This is impossible as long as man projects in the spirit of miscreation. It still remains within him to project as God projected his own Spirit to him. In reality, this is his ONLY choice, because his free will was made for his own joy in creating the perfect.
T 2 A 13. All fear is ultimately reducible to the basic misperception of man's ability to USURP the power of God. It is again emphasized that he neither CAN nor HAS been able to do this. In this statement lies the real justification for his escape from fear. This is brought about by his acceptance of the Atonement, which places him in a position to realize that his own errors never really occurred. T(67) -67
T 2 A 14. When the deep sleep[96] fell upon Adam, he was then in a condition to experience nightmares, precisely because he was sleeping. If a light is suddenly turned on while someone is dreaming, and the content of his dream is fearful, he is initially likely to interpret the light itself as part of the content of his own dream. However, as soon as he awakens, the light is correctly perceived as the release from the dream, which is no longer accorded reality. I would like to conclude this with the Biblical injunction “Go ye and do likewise.”[97] It is quite apparent that this depends on the kind of knowledge which was NOT referred to by the “Tree of Knowledge” which bore lies as fruit. The knowledge that illuminates rather than obscures is the knowledge which not only makes you free, but also shows you clearly that you ARE free.[98] T(68) -68
Lead in for p. 61 (after insert)
T 2 A 15. The preceding sections were inserted because of the necessity of distinguishing between real and false knowledge. Having made this distinction, it is well to return to the errors already listed a while back. It might be well to recapitulate them here. The first involved the fallacy that only the physical is real. The second involved things rather than people. The third involves the endowment of the physical with non-physical properties. And the fourth clarified the misuse of knowledge. All of them were subsumed under possession fallacies. The denial mechanism for three has already been set forth in some detail, and will also continue after the following: T(69) -69
(Retyped)
T 2 A 16. The corresponding denial mechanism for 1) is the sense of PHYSICAL inability, or IMPOTENCE. The denial mechanism for 2) is often bankruptcy. Collectors of things often drive themselves well beyond their financial means, in an attempt to force discontinuance . If this idea of cessation cannot be tolerated, a strange compromise involving BOTH insatiable possessiveness and insatiable throwing-away (bankruptcy) may result. An example is the inveterate or compulsive gambler, particularly the horse-racing addict. Here, the conflicted drive is displaced both from people AND things, and is invested in animals. The implied DEROGATION of people is the cause of the underlying EXTREME superstition of the horse racing addict.
T 2 A 17. The alcoholic is in a similar position, except that his hostility is more inward than outward directed.
T 2 A 18. Defenses aimed at protecting (or retaining) error are particularly hard to undo, because they introduce second-order misperceptions which obscure the underlying errors still further. T(70) -70
T 2 A 19. The pseudo-corrective mechanism of three is apt to be more varied because of the more inclusive nature of the error, which has already been mentioned. Some of the possibilities are listed below:
T 2 A 20. One aspect of the possession/possessed conflict can be raised to predominance. If this is attempted in connection with POSSESSING, it leads to the paranoid solution. The underlying component of “being possessed” is retained in the “persecution” fantasies, which are generally concomitants.
T 2 A 21. If “being possessed” is brought to ascendance, a state of some sort of possession by external forces results, but NOT with a major emphasis on attacking others. Attack BY others becomes the more obvious component. In the more virulent forms, there is a sense of being possessed by demons, and unless there is vacillation with a), a catatonic solution is more likely than a paranoid one.
T 2 A 22. The FOCUSED paranoid has become more rigid in his solution, and centers on ONE source of projection to escape from vacillation. (Aside: It should be noted that this type of paranoia is an upside down form of religion, because of its obvious attempt to unify into oneness.)
T 2 A 23. Both 1, 2, and 4 are more likely to produce neurotic[99] rather than psychotic states, though this is by no means guaranteed. However, 3 is inherently more vulnerable to the psychotic correction, again because of the more fundamental level confusion which is involved.
T 2 A 24. It should be noted, however, that the greater fear which is induced by 3 can ITSELF reach psychotic proportions, thus forcing the individual closer and closer to a psychotic solution. T(71) -71
T 2 A 25. It is emphasized here that these differences have no effect at all on the miracle, which can heal any of them with equal ease. This is because of the miracle's inherent avoidance of within-error distinctions. Its SOLE concern is to distinguish between truth, on the one hand, and ALL kinds of error, on the other. This is why some miracles SEEM to be of greater magnitude than others. But remember the first point in this course, ie, that there is no order of difficulty in miracles.
T 2 A 26. The emphasis on mental illness which is marked in these notes reflects the “UNDOING” aspect of the miracle. The “DOING” aspect is, of course, much more important. But a true miracle cannot occur on a false basis . Sometimes the undoing must precede it.
T 2 A 27. At other times, both can occur simultaneously, but you are not up to this at the moment.
T 2 A 28. Further, insights into mental illness can be misused, and lead to preoccupation with one's own symptoms. This is why this area is less constructive for most people than a course primarily devoted to mental health. However, some professions will find (some?) principles of mental illness constructive, especially those which are concerned with mental illness in others. This obviously includes psychologists.
T 2 A 29. The obvious correction for ALL types of the possession-fallacy is to redefine possession correctly. In the sense of “taking over,” the concept does not exist at all in divine reality, which is the only level of reality where real existence is a meaningful term. T(72) -72
T 2 A 30. No one CAN be “taken over” unless he wills to be. However, if he places his mind under tyranny, rather than authority, he intrudes the submission/dominance concept[100] onto free will himself. This produces the obvious contradiction inherent in any formulation that associates free will with imprisonment. Even in very mild forms, this kind of association is risky, and may spread quite unexpectedly, particularly under external stress. This is because it can be internally controlled ONLY if EXTERNAL conditions are peaceful. This is not safe, because external conditions are produced by the thoughts of many, not all of whom are pure in heart as yet.
T 2 A 31. Why should you be at THEIR mercy? This issue is VERY closely related to the whole possession issue. You insist on thinking that people CAN possess you, if you believe that their thoughts (or the external environment) can affect you , regardless of WHAT they think. You are perfectly unaffected by ALL express-ions of lack of love. These can be either from yourself and others, or from yourself to others, or from others to you. (I'm glad you passed that test. It was crucial. This is ref. to Helen Schucman reluctance to take dictations as given.)
T 2 A 32. Peace is an attribute in YOU. You cannot find it outside.[101] All mental illness is some form of EXTERNAL searching. Mental health is INNER peace. It enables you to remain unshaken by lack of love from without, and capable, through your own miracles of correcting the external conditions, which proceed from lack of love in others.
為了減輕這些解釋引起的恐懼，先來些序言。
首先是昨晚，當你觀賞仲夏夜之夢的片段時，我提醒你注意的對句：
" 恁自性之所是，恁真見之所思。" 【譯者註：展現自性，靜觀實相。】
注意，這是奧白朗（Oberon）在赦免泰塔娜（Titania）在作為和覺知上的錯誤時，
所說的話。這些話，重建她真正的身分、才能、與判斷力。和我們要說的，顯然很類似。
我要求你從字典抄下來的一些定義，會很有用。
這些定義之所以不平常，是因為按照出現年代的順序，它們並不是第一定義。
然而，每一個定義都出現在字典上，是不爭的事實。
Project （動詞）：向前或向外延伸。
Project （名詞）：思維中的計劃。
World ：自然的大區域。（你最初寫成“字”（word）而不是“世界”（world）。）
之後我們要提到的投射，與精神的疾病和健康都有關係。
那可以解釋Lucifer 【譯者註：傳說中墮落的天使】真正的將自己從天堂投射出來。
我們也談論到，人能創造空殼，但無法什麼都不創造。
這空虛，為錯誤的投射提供屏幕。
伊甸園，在聖經裡被描述為花園，實際上根本不是一個花園，
而只是一種毫無需求的精神狀態。
即使按照字面來解釋，也應該注意到，在分離之前，人根本不需要什麼。
至於知識之樹，一個過於具體的概念（因此才接著提到“吃樹上的果子”），
實際上是像徵知識的誤用。
無論如何，這概念得好好澄清、明白，才能完全了解“誤入恐懼”的真正意義。
依照前面的定義，投射（動詞）是上主的主要特性，祂也將這特性給了祂的聖子。
在創作中，上主將祂的創作能力，投射給祂所創造的靈魂，
並且賦予他們，對創作的同樣愛好（或意願）。
我們談論過，對“已”被創造，和“正”被創造的混淆，所造成的基本錯誤。
我們也強調過，人的靈魂，不僅被完全地創造了，而且是被創造得至善至美。
人的靈魂，沒有空虛。
下一點，也已經提過，但值得重複。
由於與創作主的相像，靈魂具有創造性。
任何上主的孩子，都不可能失去創作的能力，因為這是他的天賦。
當投射被錯誤的利用，這總是暗示著空虛（或匱乏）的必然存在，
人以為有能力可以拿自己的構想來替代真理。
如果你仔細考慮這前因後果，很明顯就是：
首先，這是假設、暗示上主所創造的，可以被人的想法所改變。
其次，「以為完美的可能變成不完美（或欠缺）」的概念，就闖了進來。
第三，產生了「人能扭曲上主的創作（包括他自己）」的信念，並接受了這信念。
第四，既然人能創造自己，他的創作方向是由自己來決定。
這些相關的扭曲，代表分離時的景象。
這些景像以前不存在，實際上現在也不存在。
依照之前的定義，
世界，是被創作為自然的大區域，或上主向外的投射。
這是祂的創作之所以像祂的原因。
贊成（pro）的相反是反對（con）。
那麼，嚴格上講，投射（projecting）的相反應該是conjecting，
是指不確定或猜測的工作狀態。
其它由於相關的設防，而產生的錯誤，下面再談。
例如，沮喪（dejection）是明顯的意氣消沉；
引入（injection），可能很容易被誤解為擁有的謬論（或被入侵）；
而摒棄（rejection）清楚的和否定相關，但也可以解釋為拒絕；
拒絕認為是沒有價值的東西。
上主的投射，有如內在的光輝，也是聖子們繼承自上主的。
重要的是，“向外投射”必然地暗示，投射的真正源頭是內在。
聖父如此，聖子亦然。
世界，原始的涵意，包括上主獨特創作的人，和人在正確思維中的創作。
後者需要上主賦人以自由意志，因為所有愛的創作都是自由的給予。
這裡並不涉及任何階層，實際上，只是一條連續性的創作，所有方面都是同一層次。
“ 蛇的謊言”，因為不是真實的，所以被稱為謊言。
人如果聽了，他只能得到虛假。
他不必相信虛假，除非他選擇繼續如此。
所有他錯誤的創作，可以在眾所周知的“瞬眼之間”消失，因為那是視覺錯誤的感知。
靈性的眼睛可能沉睡，但下面將提到（關於電梯操作員鮑伯），沉睡的眼睛仍然能看。
瑪麗艾迪（Mary Baker Eddy）強調墮落的另一種解釋，值得一看；
這關係到「亞當落入深沉的睡眠」的描述。
聖經一直將這睡眠，當成是在創作夏娃時，用來保護亞當的一種麻醉。
艾迪夫人正確的強調，聖經沒有任何一處提到亞當醒過來。
基督教科學派雖然明顯的不齊全，但這一點卻是正確的。
人所見的世界歷史裡，並沒有真正和全面的覺醒或重生。
只要人繼續錯誤的投射，這些就不可能發生。
人仍然保有上主投射給他的神性，可以據以投射出去。
實際上，這是他唯一的選擇，因為他的自由意志，
是為了使他可以在完善的創作中，獲得喜悅。
追根究底，所有恐懼起因於，對人有能力篡奪上帝力量的根本錯覺。
再次強調，人不可能也沒有能力如此；
這聲明是他脫離恐懼的真正理由。
透過他對救贖的接納，他了解到自己的錯誤從未真正發生過。
正因為亞當落入了深沉的睡眠，他才有機會體驗惡夢。
當有人正在作夢的時候，並且是可怕的夢，
如果突然把燈打開，他最初很可能把亮光當作是自己夢中的一部分。
但是當他清醒過來，正確的察覺到是光將他從夢中解放出來，也就會知道夢是不真實的。
我以聖經的訓諭作結語：“你也該這麼做。”
很明顯，上述的理解，與那結謊言之果的“知識之樹”無關。
闡明而不隱匿的智慧，不僅能使你獲得自由，也能明白指出你是自由的。
上面一段，是為了區別知識的真與假。
現在分辨清楚了，我們可以回頭來談前面所列出的各種錯誤。
這裡再重述一次。
第一是關於“唯有物質是真實”的謬論。
第二是對物而不對人。
第三是賦物質以非物質的特性。
而第四則澄清了知識的誤用。
這些都歸屬於擁有的謬論。
第三的否定機制，某些細節已經提到過，下面將繼續說明：
相對應的否定機制：
1）是物質的無力感，或無能。
2）經常是破產。
收藏家經常會有超出自己經濟能力的衝動，其中隱含一種強迫終止的意圖。
如果無法承受這中斷的想法，可能演變成奇怪的折衷結果，
就是貪得無厭的佔有，和永不滿足的浪費（破產）。
例如積習難改的賭徒，尤其是上癮的賭馬者。
矛盾的衝動使這些賭徒偏離了人和事，而投注於動物的身上。
其中所含對人的貶損，造成了狂熱賭馬者潛在的極端迷信。
酗酒也是一樣的情形，只是他的鬥爭比較傾向於內在，而非外在。
護短的設防最難以化解，因為這會產生第二層的錯誤覺知，因而隱蔽了根本的錯誤。
3 ）的虛假矯正方式比較多變，因為這個錯誤包羅萬象。
雖然已經提過，但列舉一些可能：
a. 擁有和被擁有矛盾衝突的一個層面，可能會發展到不可忽視的程度。
如果傾向於“擁有”，就會導致偏執狂的解決方式。
“被擁有”的潛在要素，保留於“受迫害”的幻想中，
兩者通常是共存的。
b. 如果“被擁有”成為非常嚴重，則有被外力控制的狀況，
但重點不在攻擊他人，反而是明顯的被他人攻擊。
而更致命的類型，是有被邪魔附身的感覺，
除非同時有a）的傾向，其結果將會是緊張性精神分裂，而不是偏執狂。
專注的偏執狂患者，在行為與目標上變得更苛刻死板，
企圖以單一方向的投射，而脫離猶豫不決的心態。
（旁白：應該注意，這類型的偏執狂，是一種顛倒的宗教形態，
因為它明顯企圖達成一致。）
雖然沒有絕對的保證，但1、2、和4更可能導致神經過敏症，而不是精神錯亂症。
然而，由於3帶有較嚴重的基本層次混淆，自然更容易受到傷害，也更容易精神錯亂。
由3所引起的更大恐懼，可能發展到精神病的程度，
因此迫使這個人以精神錯亂來面對問題。
這裡要強調的是，這些差異對奇蹟毫無影響，
奇蹟可以同樣輕而易舉的矯正任何一種錯誤，因為奇蹟不需要去辨別錯誤的內涵。
奇蹟唯一的分辨是，將真相放在一邊，而將各種各樣的錯誤放在另一邊。
這就是為什麼有些奇蹟似乎比其他的奇蹟更加重大。
但記住本課程的第一點，也就是，奇蹟沒有難易、大小之分。
這裡強調的精神病，重點是反映奇蹟的“解除”功能。
當然，奇蹟的“建設”是更加重要。
但真正的奇蹟，無法在虛假的基礎上發生，有時必須先進行“解除”的工作。
有時候，兩者可能同時發生，但目前你並不需要為此擔心。
再者，對精神病的深刻了解，可能被誤用，而導致全神貫注於自己的症狀。
所以對大多數人來說，比起致力於精神健康的課程，這一領域是較沒有建設性。
但是，精神病的原理對某些行業是有建設性的，特別是那些照顧精神病患的人，
這明顯的包括心理學家。
顯而易見的，要更正所有類型的“擁有”謬論，就是正確的重新定義“擁有”。
“接管”的概念，根本不存在於神聖的實相中，神聖的實相是真實的唯一層次。
除非自願，沒有人可能“被接管”。
然而，如果他將自己的頭腦安置在暴政而非真正的權威之下，
他便是把屈從或支配的概念，強加在自己的自由意誌之上。
如此將自由意志與「禁錮」聯在一起，產生明顯的矛盾公式。
即使是非常輕微的形式，這種結合還是危險的，
特別是有外在壓力時，可能出乎意料的蔓延。
因為這種矛盾只有當外在的情況是平靜的時候，才有可能以內在控制。
這是不安全的，因為外在情況是由眾人的思想所導致，而並非所有的人都已純淨。
為什麼你要任人擺佈？
這問題與“擁有”息息相關。
如果你相信別人任何的想法或外在環境可以影響你，
你便是認為他們能擁有你。
你完全不會被任何缺乏愛的行為所影響。
這些行為可能來自你和他人，或你對別人，或別人對你。
（我很高興，你通過了關鍵性的測驗。這是指海倫，本來不太願意寫下所聽到的。）
安寧是你的本質，你無法向外尋求。
所有精神病都是某種向外的搜尋。
精神健康是內在的安寧。
安寧，使你對外在的缺乏愛保持屹立不動，
並使你有能力經由自己的奇蹟，
去改正那些由其他人缺乏愛的作為，
而造成的外在條件。
Chapter 2 – The Illusion of Separation
T 2 A. Introduction (*N not present in the Notes)
(Insert for page 61)
T 2 A 1. This section is inserted here because it deals with a more fundamental misuse of knowledge, referred to in the Bible as the cause of the Fall (or Separation). There are several introductory remarks which are intended to make these explanations less fear-provoking. The first is a couplet which I drew to your attention during the fragments of Midsummer Night's Dream, which you heard last night:
“Be as thou wast wont to be
See as thou wast wont to see.”
It is noteworthy that these words were said by Oberon in releasing Titania from her own errors, both of being and perceiving. These were the words which re-established her true identity as well as her true abilities and judgment. The similarity here is obvious.
T 2 A 2. There are also some definitions, which I asked you to take from the dictionary, which will also be helpful. Their somewhat unusual nature is due to the fact that they are not first definitions in their chronological appearance. Nevertheless, the fact that each of them does appear in the dictionary should be reassuring.
Project (verb): to extend forward or out.
Project (noun): a plan in the mind
World: a natural grand division. (Note that you originally wrote “word” instead of “world.”)
T 2 A 3. We will refer later to projection as related to both mental illness and mental health. It will also be commented on that Lucifer literally projected himself from heaven. We also have observed that man can create an empty shell, but cannot create nothing at all. T(63) 63 This emptiness provides the screen for the misuse of projection.
T 2 A 4. The Garden of Eden, which is described as a literal garden in the Bible, was not originally an actual garden at all. It was merely a mental state of complete need-lack. Even in the literal account, it is noteworthy that the pre- Separation state was essentially one in which man needed nothing. The Tree of Knowledge, again an overly-literal concept, (as is clearly shown by the subsequent reference to “eating of the fruit of the tree”) is a symbolic reference to some of the misuses of knowledge referred to in the section immediately preceding this one. There is, however, considerable clarification of this concept, which must be understood before the real meaning of the “detour into fear” can be fully comprehended. Projection, as defined above , (this refers to the verb) is a fundamental attribute of God, which he also gave to his Son. In the Creation,God projected his Creative Ability out of Himself toward the Souls which He created, and also imbued them with the same loving wish (or will) to create. We have commented before on the FUNDAMENTAL error involved in confusing what has been created with what is being created. We have also emphasized that man, insofar as the term relates to Soul, has not only been fully Created, but also been created perfect. There is no emptiness in him. The next point, too, has already been made, but bears repetition here. The Soul, because of its own likeness to its Creator, is creative.We have also emphasized that man, insofar as the term relates to Soul, has not only been fully Created, but also been created perfect. There is no emptiness in him. The next point, too, has already been made, but bears repetition here . The Soul, because of its own likeness to its Creator, is creative.We have also emphasized that man, insofar as the term relates to Soul, has not only been fully Created, but also been created perfect. There is no emptiness in him. The next point, too, has already been made, but bears repetition here . The Soul, because of its own likeness to its Creator, is creative.[93] No Child of God is capable of losing this ability, because it is inherent in what he IS.
T 2 A 5. Whenever projection in its inappropriate sense is utilized, it ALWAYS implies that some emptiness (or lack of everything) must exist, and that it is within man's ability to put his own ideas there INSTEAD of the truth. If you will consider carefully what this entails, the following will become quite apparent: T(64) -64
First , the assumption is implicit that what God has Created can be changed by the mind of Man.
Second , the concept that what is perfect can be rendered imperfect (or wanting) is intruded.
Third , the belief that man can distort the Creations of God (including himself) has arisen, and is tolerated.
Fourth , that since man can create himself, the direction of his own creation is up to him.
T 2 A 6. These related distortions represent a picture of what actually occurred in the Separation. None of this existed before, nor does it actually exist now. The world, as defined above, WAS made as a natural grand division, or projecting outward of God. That is why everything which He Created is like Him.
T 2 A 7. It should be noted that the opposite of pro is con. Strictly speaking, then, the opposite of projecting is conjecting, a term which referred to a state of uncertainty or guess work. Other errors arise in connection with ancillary defenses , to be considered later. For example, dejection, which is obviously associated with depression, injection, which can be misinterpreted readily enough, in terms of possession fallacies (particularly penetration), and rejection, which is clearly associated with denial. It should be noted also that rejection can be used as refusing, a term which necessarily involves a perception of what is refused as something unworthy.
T 2 A 8. Projection as undertaken by God was very similar to the kind of inner radiance which the Children of the Father inherit from Him. It is important to note that the term “project outward” necessarily implies that the real source of projection is internal. T(65) -65 This is as true of the Son as of the Father.
T 2 A 9. The world, in its original connotation, included both the proper creation of man by God, AND the proper creation by man in his Right Mind. The latter required the endowment of man by God with free will, because all loving creation is freely given. Nothing in either of these statements implies any sort of level involvement, or, in fact, anything except one continuous line of creation, in which all aspects are of the same order.
T 2 A 10. When the “lies of the serpent” were introduced, they were specifically called lies because they are not true. When man listened, all he heard was untruth. He does not have to continue to believe what is not true, unless he chooses to do so. All of his miscreations can disappear in the well known “twinkling of an eye”, [94] because it is a visual misperception.
T 2 A 11. Man's spiritual eye can sleep, but as will shortly appear in the notes (reference Bob, elevator operator) a sleeping eye can still see. One translation of the Fall, a view emphasized by Mary Baker Eddy, and worthy of note, is that “a deep sleep fell upon Adam.”[95] While the Bible continues to associate this sleep as a kind of anesthetic utilized for protection of Adam during the creation of Eve, Mrs. Eddy was correct in emphasizing that nowhere is there any reference made to his waking up. While Christian Science is clearly incomplete, this point is much in its favor.
T 2 A 12. The history of man in the world as he saw it has not been characterized by any genuine or comprehensive re-awakening, or re-birth. T(66) -66 This is impossible as long as man projects in the spirit of miscreation. It still remains within him to project as God projected his own Spirit to him. In reality, this is his ONLY choice, because his free will was made for his own joy in creating the perfect.
T 2 A 13. All fear is ultimately reducible to the basic misperception of man's ability to USURP the power of God. It is again emphasized that he neither CAN nor HAS been able to do this. In this statement lies the real justification for his escape from fear. This is brought about by his acceptance of the Atonement, which places him in a position to realize that his own errors never really occurred. T(67) -67
T 2 A 14. When the deep sleep[96] fell upon Adam, he was then in a condition to experience nightmares, precisely because he was sleeping. If a light is suddenly turned on while someone is dreaming, and the content of his dream is fearful, he is initially likely to interpret the light itself as part of the content of his own dream. However, as soon as he awakens, the light is correctly perceived as the release from the dream, which is no longer accorded reality. I would like to conclude this with the Biblical injunction “Go ye and do likewise.”[97] It is quite apparent that this depends on the kind of knowledge which was NOT referred to by the “Tree of Knowledge” which bore lies as fruit. The knowledge that illuminates rather than obscures is the knowledge which not only makes you free, but also shows you clearly that you ARE free.[98] T(68) -68
Lead in for p. 61 (after insert)
T 2 A 15. The preceding sections were inserted because of the necessity of distinguishing between real and false knowledge. Having made this distinction, it is well to return to the errors already listed a while back. It might be well to recapitulate them here. The first involved the fallacy that only the physical is real. The second involved things rather than people. The third involves the endowment of the physical with non-physical properties. And the fourth clarified the misuse of knowledge. All of them were subsumed under possession fallacies. The denial mechanism for three has already been set forth in some detail, and will also continue after the following: T(69) -69
(Retyped)
T 2 A 16. The corresponding denial mechanism for 1) is the sense of PHYSICAL inability, or IMPOTENCE. The denial mechanism for 2) is often bankruptcy. Collectors of things often drive themselves well beyond their financial means, in an attempt to force discontinuance . If this idea of cessation cannot be tolerated, a strange compromise involving BOTH insatiable possessiveness and insatiable throwing-away (bankruptcy) may result. An example is the inveterate or compulsive gambler, particularly the horse-racing addict. Here, the conflicted drive is displaced both from people AND things, and is invested in animals. The implied DEROGATION of people is the cause of the underlying EXTREME superstition of the horse racing addict.
T 2 A 17. The alcoholic is in a similar position, except that his hostility is more inward than outward directed.
T 2 A 18. Defenses aimed at protecting (or retaining) error are particularly hard to undo, because they introduce second-order misperceptions which obscure the underlying errors still further. T(70) -70
T 2 A 19. The pseudo-corrective mechanism of three is apt to be more varied because of the more inclusive nature of the error, which has already been mentioned. Some of the possibilities are listed below:
T 2 A 20. One aspect of the possession/possessed conflict can be raised to predominance. If this is attempted in connection with POSSESSING, it leads to the paranoid solution. The underlying component of “being possessed” is retained in the “persecution” fantasies, which are generally concomitants.
T 2 A 21. If “being possessed” is brought to ascendance, a state of some sort of possession by external forces results, but NOT with a major emphasis on attacking others. Attack BY others becomes the more obvious component. In the more virulent forms, there is a sense of being possessed by demons, and unless there is vacillation with a), a catatonic solution is more likely than a paranoid one.
T 2 A 22. The FOCUSED paranoid has become more rigid in his solution, and centers on ONE source of projection to escape from vacillation. (Aside: It should be noted that this type of paranoia is an upside down form of religion, because of its obvious attempt to unify into oneness.)
T 2 A 23. Both 1, 2, and 4 are more likely to produce neurotic[99] rather than psychotic states, though this is by no means guaranteed. However, 3 is inherently more vulnerable to the psychotic correction, again because of the more fundamental level confusion which is involved.
T 2 A 24. It should be noted, however, that the greater fear which is induced by 3 can ITSELF reach psychotic proportions, thus forcing the individual closer and closer to a psychotic solution. T(71) -71
T 2 A 25. It is emphasized here that these differences have no effect at all on the miracle, which can heal any of them with equal ease. This is because of the miracle's inherent avoidance of within-error distinctions. Its SOLE concern is to distinguish between truth, on the one hand, and ALL kinds of error, on the other. This is why some miracles SEEM to be of greater magnitude than others. But remember the first point in this course, ie, that there is no order of difficulty in miracles.
T 2 A 26. The emphasis on mental illness which is marked in these notes reflects the “UNDOING” aspect of the miracle. The “DOING” aspect is, of course, much more important. But a true miracle cannot occur on a false basis . Sometimes the undoing must precede it.
T 2 A 27. At other times, both can occur simultaneously, but you are not up to this at the moment.
T 2 A 28. Further, insights into mental illness can be misused, and lead to preoccupation with one's own symptoms. This is why this area is less constructive for most people than a course primarily devoted to mental health. However, some professions will find (some?) principles of mental illness constructive, especially those which are concerned with mental illness in others. This obviously includes psychologists.
T 2 A 29. The obvious correction for ALL types of the possession-fallacy is to redefine possession correctly. In the sense of “taking over,” the concept does not exist at all in divine reality, which is the only level of reality where real existence is a meaningful term. T(72) -72
T 2 A 30. No one CAN be “taken over” unless he wills to be. However, if he places his mind under tyranny, rather than authority, he intrudes the submission/dominance concept[100] onto free will himself. This produces the obvious contradiction inherent in any formulation that associates free will with imprisonment. Even in very mild forms, this kind of association is risky, and may spread quite unexpectedly, particularly under external stress. This is because it can be internally controlled ONLY if EXTERNAL conditions are peaceful. This is not safe, because external conditions are produced by the thoughts of many, not all of whom are pure in heart as yet.
T 2 A 31. Why should you be at THEIR mercy? This issue is VERY closely related to the whole possession issue. You insist on thinking that people CAN possess you, if you believe that their thoughts (or the external environment) can affect you , regardless of WHAT they think. You are perfectly unaffected by ALL express-ions of lack of love. These can be either from yourself and others, or from yourself to others, or from others to you. (I'm glad you passed that test. It was crucial. This is ref. to Helen Schucman reluctance to take dictations as given.)
T 2 A 32. Peace is an attribute in YOU. You cannot find it outside.[101] All mental illness is some form of EXTERNAL searching. Mental health is INNER peace. It enables you to remain unshaken by lack of love from without, and capable, through your own miracles of correcting the external conditions, which proceed from lack of love in others.
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